• Optimizing surge tank layout for highly flexible hydropower 

      Richter, Wolfgang; Vereide, Kaspar; Zenz, Gerald (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2018)
      This article considers high-head hydropower schemes and pumped storage schemes that usually are considered as flexible power plants. Surge tanks are the key structural element in the hydropower scheme for flexible operation ...
    • Retrofitting of pressurized sand traps in hydropower plants 

      Richter, Wolfgang; Vereide, Kaspar; Mauko, Gašper; Havrevoll, Ola Haugen; Schneider, Josef; Zenz, Gerald (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2021)
      Unlined pressure tunnels in sound rock, combined with pressurized sand traps at the downstream end, allow for low-cost construction of hydropower tunnel systems. This design concept is utilized in hydropower plants across ...
    • Surge Tank Research in Austria and Norway 

      Vereide, Kaspar; Richter, Wolfgang; Zenz, Gerald; Lia, Leif (Journal article, 2015)
      Modern high-head hydropower plants, and especially pumped storage plants (PSP), are designed with increasing high water discharge and higher requirements to flexible operation. To improve the hydraulic performance and allow ...